A detailed analysis of a piece of writing that identifies what works, what doesn't, and why, so the writer can improve it.
A critique is a close, thoughtful reading of someone's writing followed by specific feedback on its craft elements: structure, character, dialogue, pacing, prose, and more. Unlike casual feedback ('I liked it!'), a critique digs into the how and why. Good critiques balance honesty with respect, pointing out problems while acknowledging strengths.
You can't see your own blind spots. A thoughtful critique from someone who understands story craft can identify problems you've been staring past for months. Learning to give critiques makes you a sharper reader of your own work, too. It's one of the fastest ways to level up as a writer.
Critique the writing, not the writer. Say 'the pacing slows in Chapter 4' rather than 'you don't understand pacing.' Focus on the text as a shared object you're both trying to improve.
A good critique identifies what's working and why. The writer needs to know what to keep doing, not just what to stop. If a scene's dialogue is sharp, say so and explain what makes it land.
Your job during a critique is to listen, not to explain or defend. Write down every note, even the ones that sting. You can decide later which ones to act on, but arguing in the moment shuts down useful feedback.
Find a published short story you admire and write a one-page critique of it. Identify two things the author does well (and explain the technique behind each) and one thing you would change. Be specific enough that the author could act on your notes. This builds your critique muscles without the social pressure of critiquing a friend.