Genre

Cyberpunk

/ˈsaɪ.bər.pʌŋk/ noun
IN ONE SENTENCE

Near-future science fiction exploring high technology and low life, where corporations rule and hackers fight back.

Definition

Cyberpunk imagines futures where technology has advanced dramatically but society has gotten worse. Megacorporations have replaced governments, the gap between rich and poor is a canyon, and the characters navigating this world are hackers, outcasts, and criminals rather than astronauts and scientists. The aesthetic is neon-lit, rain-soaked, and wired. It's technology as dystopia, not utopia.

Why It Matters

Cyberpunk's vision of corporate dominance, digital surveillance, and technological inequality turned out to be disturbingly predictive. Understanding the genre helps you write near-future fiction that feels relevant. It also demonstrates how a subgenre can define an entire aesthetic, influencing film, games, fashion, and music alongside literature.

Famous Examples

Neuromancer — William Gibson

The novel that named and defined the genre, envisioning cyberspace before the internet existed.

Snow Crash — Neal Stephenson

Satirical cyberpunk that predicted the metaverse, corporate-owned infrastructure, and gig economy decades early.

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? — Philip K. Dick

A proto-cyberpunk exploration of what it means to be human in a world of artificial beings.

Common Mistakes

Copying the aesthetic without the commentary

Neon and rain aren't cyberpunk. The genre is about power, inequality, and technology's human cost. Without that core, it's just set dressing.

Setting it in a future that already happened

Classic cyberpunk's predictions came true. Modern cyberpunk needs to extrapolate from where we are now, not where Gibson was in 1984.

Try It Yourself

Quick Exercise

Write a scene where a character does something mundane, ordering food, commuting to work, visiting a doctor, but every step is mediated by corporate technology that extracts something from them: data, money, autonomy. Don't editorialize. Let the details speak.

CONTINUE LEARNING
Idea & Inspiration
Cyberpunk concepts start with asking what current technology trends look like if they go wrong.